Error: Type Mismatch

A certain politician once said: "All human beings, regardless of race, are more than 99.9 percent the same". In this short article I will not argue if all human races the same or if that figure is correct (it is being objected by some DNA researchers as too high). I will argue that this figure is meaningless and therefore it cannot be used for any other reason except as political or other deceit.

DNA is a digital (discrete) system and we will examine a very simple encoding example to show that the relative importance (such as 0.1% difference) of DNA content (or any other information) cannot be measured in such terms. Operations and data in a discrete system such as DNA are encoded in some way. The type of encoding is not of particular importance for this exercise. Let's take as an example a simple hex/binary encoding, in which two operations addition and subtraction are encoded as 0x86 and 0x87 with word size of 1 byte:

0x86 = 1000 0110 – in hex and binary is addition
0x87 = 1000 0111 – in hex and binary is subtraction,

As you see there is 1 out of 8 bits = 12.5% difference. If the word is 4 bytes as shown bellow:

0x00000086 = 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0110
0x00000087 = 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 0111

the difference is 1 out of 32 bits or 3.125%. By changing only the size of word of encoding we changed the estimate of the difference from 12.5% to 3.125% – nothing was really changed – this shows that such estimate is not plausible. To even further demonstrate this, let us apply the operations on two 32 bit numbers:

0xAAAAAAAA [0x00000086] 0x5555555555 = 0xFFFFFFFF
0xAAAAAAAA [0x00000087] 0x5555555555 = 0x55555555, compare the bits in binary:

These are 3 x 32 bit = 96 bits in each sum, only 1 bit in which is different (0x00000086 [addition] vs. 0x00000087 [subtraction] - note the yellow strip), which is 1 out of 96 = 1.04(6)% difference in estimate. However we have 100% difference in the meaning – one is addition the other is subtraction, and 50% difference in the result for this particular set of data (note the underlined 0/1). Let us suppose an application calculating wage was corrupted by a computer virus and one bit in it was changed to from 0 to 1. It happened that it is an addition instruction, and instead of being 0x86 is now 0x87. The difference is only 1 bit out of say 10 MB which is 0.000001% difference in estimate and is a completely dysfunctional application. Therefore differences in information cannot be compared in such a way, if they could then 0.1% differences could be and in this context is an awful lot.

Information compared in such a way is a type mismatch error.

In such estimates dogs and wolfs are 100% DNA identical – would you allow your 3 years old little boy or girl alone at home with a wolf pet? And what but wishful thinking could make one to believe that if he/she raises a wolf as a dog it will become a dog? Isn't it that when a thing is grown/raised in its natural environment and without enforcements is when you see it's natural inclinations that is its nature? In other similar "tests" chimpanzees and humans are 98% DNA equivalent. Rats and humans are 95% DNA equivalent. But as it was demonstrated above such comparisons have absolutely no scientific value, none! – Simplifying have you seen a man that has 95% human and 5% rat or 5% human and 95% rat or anything in between? If indeed there is such a small difference from only 2% between humans and chimps, and 5% between humans and rats, then obviously they should be made citizens, included in the national social and health programs, and of course allowed to vote. No one should be allowed to have pet, zoos must be immediately closed and inhabitants let free, provided accommodation and a state pension – this only seems fear to me.

As we saw in the articles about evolution, evolution it is not a science, but a failed hypothesis as well as statistics and probability which are neither mathematics nor science. In the article above it was shown that a discrete information system such as DNA cannot be measured and compared like kilo of potatoes and that comparison such as X% DNA difference – is an illegal operation that means absolutely nothing except that the speaker is either ignorant or deceiver. Now you should be aware that when a pseudo-scientist claims that all people originated somewhere and that they have DNA prove for it – they lie, their "objective" proof is a fantasy in their heads – they don't know how and from where DNA came from on a first place; neither they can create or recreate DNA, nor they can create or recreate any living organism plant or animal, simple or complex, all they can do is to lie and deceive relying on weaknesses in human character. I hope you are not afraid to question and find out what is the truth for yourself, after all your life should be, and is, in your own hands.

Proper science is based on careful and rigorous observation and analysis of the facts, which is what God requires "Prove all things. Hold fast that which is good." 1 Thessalonians 5:21. Perhaps this could explain why proper science was established and developed by trully devoted Christians such as Sir Isaac Newton, Nicholas Copernicus, Sir Francis Bacon, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Rene Descartes, Robert Boyle, Michael Faraday, Gregor Mendel, George Gabriel Stokes, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Bernard Bolzano, William Thomson Kelvin, Max Planck, Albert Einstein (A.E. did not believe in Christ but believed in God) and many more true scientists.

Miroslav B. Bonchev
27-th May 2008